定語(yǔ)從句

　　縱觀劍橋真題上面的考官范文，定語(yǔ)從句乃是當(dāng)之無(wú)愧高頻句，現(xiàn)摘取如下較典型的例句與讀者共同探討：

　　This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis.

　　句中，that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. 是對(duì)先行詞technological and scientific breakthroughs 的限定說(shuō)明，它不影響主句：This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs. 的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，我們的出結(jié)論：定語(yǔ)從句的功能是對(duì)句中某個(gè)名詞作限定說(shuō)明，使用方法就是在名詞后+that/which(先行詞為事物)或who(先行詞為人)并且把這些引導(dǎo)詞當(dāng)成主語(yǔ)，接著補(bǔ)充成一個(gè)句子就行啦。

　　狀語(yǔ)從句

　　再看看同樣使用頻率較高的狀語(yǔ)從句：

　　For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.

　　句中，if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities. 主句一般而言表示基于此條件的結(jié)果。我們?cè)囍鴣?lái)總結(jié)一下它的使用公式：if+句子(條件)+ then+句子(結(jié)果)。需要注意的是由于是虛擬條件，if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣較為常見(jiàn)。(具體請(qǐng)參照例句理解)

　　賓語(yǔ)從句

　　They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course.

　　句中，that 引導(dǎo)的從句：that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course. 作think 的賓語(yǔ)。That 本身在從句中不做任何成分。我們來(lái)探討賓語(yǔ)從句的使用規(guī)律：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+that+完整句子。就構(gòu)成了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　表語(yǔ)從句

　　The obvious argument in its favour is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers.

　　句中，that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句：that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers. 作系動(dòng)詞 is 的表語(yǔ)。使用方法不再贅述。

　　同位語(yǔ)從句

　　Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music.

　　句中，that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句：that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music. 是對(duì)先行詞belief的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。其用法為：在句中需要補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的名詞后+that +句子。

　　注意，同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that，并且不在從句中作成分，定語(yǔ)從句則有多個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，且一般在從句中做成分。