開(kāi)頭段：簡(jiǎn)單介紹文章背景，現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)面臨交通堵塞的問(wèn)題。盡管現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)可以通過(guò)促進(jìn)遠(yuǎn)程辦公和電信業(yè)務(wù)減少對(duì)機(jī)械運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨螅�但是交通運(yùn)輸量仍在增加。對(duì)客運(yùn)而言，決定性因素是汽車(chē)使用的驚人增長(zhǎng)。自1990至2010年，歐盟道路上的汽車(chē)數(shù)量經(jīng)歷了每年三百萬(wàn)量的增長(zhǎng)，并且在未來(lái)十年劍歐盟將見(jiàn)證車(chē)輛數(shù)量的進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)。

With the ever-increasing speed of urban development, the volume of road traffic has become out of control. Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. The number of car use on the roads saw an increase of 3 million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next decade the EU will see a further substantial increase in its feet. （原話稍作修改，用在這里）This essay will explore the factors contributing to this situation and some possible measures that can be taken to address this problem.

主體段第一段：開(kāi)始論述交通堵塞的原因一，越來(lái)越多的城市居民因?yàn)樗郊臆?chē)的方便購(gòu)置了私家車(chē)，導(dǎo)致私家車(chē)數(shù)量大幅上漲。

To start with, the determing factor is the spectacular growth in car use. （原話稍作修改，用在這里）Currently, more citizens can afford the purchase of private cars which offer them great convenience. Instead of taking unpunctual buses or overcrowded metro to work, people now have the alternative to commute using their own cars. Undeniably, this new trend inevitably deteriorates the traffic situation.

主體段第二段：論述交通堵塞的原因二，大城市的工作機(jī)會(huì)更多，工作的發(fā)展前景更好，吸引了大量的外來(lái)人口。外來(lái)人口數(shù)量過(guò)大，而公共交通又跟不上發(fā)展。

Another element of the high traffic volume is the over-population in major cities. Offering more job opportunities and better career prospects, metropolises have attracted millions of people from other parts working in urban areas. What's worse, the public transportation systems in those cities cannot keep pace with the rapidly growing needs of residents, giving rise to the traffic problem subsequently.

主體段第三段：開(kāi)始論述交通堵塞的解決方法一，就是要給公路加價(jià)，這可以在短期內(nèi)控制私家車(chē)的增長(zhǎng)速度。

The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. In the short term, it might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport.（原句用在這里）

主體段第四段：論述交通堵塞的解決方法二，開(kāi)發(fā)其他的交通模式，并且提高它們的效率。

The second approach also concentrates on the road transport pricing but is accompanied by the measures to increase the efficiency of other modes. However, this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion.（原句用在這里）

主體段第五段：論述交通堵塞的解決方法三，包括一系列舉措，從定價(jià)到激活其他運(yùn)輸方式以及對(duì)道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行定向投資。這種方法遠(yuǎn)比表面看上去更加宏偉，不會(huì)對(duì)人員和貨物的流動(dòng)性造成限制，但是會(huì)顯著削弱道路運(yùn)輸增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間的聯(lián)系。

The third approach comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to revitalizing modes of transport and targeting investment in the network. It is far more ambitious than it looks, bearing in mind the historical imbalance in favor of roads for the last fifty years, but would achieve a marked break in the link between road transport growth and economic growth, without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods.（原句用在這里）

結(jié)尾段：總結(jié)上文，所以為了解決這一問(wèn)題，使用替代燃料以提升能源效率和改革道路政策既是生態(tài)的需要，也是技術(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。同時(shí)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一模式的轉(zhuǎn)變，人們必須做出更多努力。這樣的轉(zhuǎn)變不是一夜之間就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的，畢竟半個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái)公路的狀況持續(xù)惡化。

Therefore, the over-crowding of city roads is the result of unbalanced urban development. Using alternative fuels to improve energy efficiency and reforming the road policy is thus both an ecologically necessary and a technological challenge. At the same time, greater efforts must be made to achieve a modal shift. Such a change cannot be achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration in favor of road